Can president stay in office during war. Legal experts explain why he can remain in power.
Can president stay in office during war Apr 28, 2022 · Yes, a sitting U. Here's what you need to know about national emergencies and how a president can utilize executive office powers to declare them: What is a national emergency? While the Constitution gives Congress the power to declare war, the actual war powers are split between Congress and the President. Dec 29, 2020 · The president of the United States has no lawful authority to reverse or suspend the outcome of an election by sending in the military or invoking martial law or the Insurrection Act. S. president 's power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of the U. 1768 Chief Justice Stone found that enemy combatants, who without uniforms come secretly through the lines during time of war, for the purpose of Mar 27, 2025 · Does a president stay in office during war? This question delves into the complex interplay between constitutional mandates, legal frameworks, public opinion, international law, and the critical need for governmental continuity during times of national crisis. Most G. Jun 13, 2024 · President Joe Biden on June 11, 2024. Absent a clear winner of the presidential election on January 20, the Speaker of the House would serve as Acting President under the current succession law. The last time it did so was to initiate American involvement in World War II. [8] In the United States, a presidential transition is the process during which the president-elect of the United States prepares to take over the administration of the federal government of the United States from the incumbent president. Nov 28, 2024 · The question of whether a presidential election can be held during a war is a complex and contested one. Volodymyr Zelenskyy's term as president officially ends on May 20, and a scheduled election in March was postponed due to the ongoing war. The Insurrection Act of 1807 and the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878 impact the President's ability to declare martial law, with the former Nov 9, 2024 · The question of whether the president stays in office during war is a complex and multifaceted issue that has implications for governance, constitutional law, and national security. 20, 2025, recently reignited a constitutional debate about whether a twice-elected president can serve a third term. The Commission shall be deemed to be organized upon such date as four members of the Commission have taken office. Jan 8, 2019 · It depends. Since the 22nd Amendment of the U Jun 13, 2024 · Can the president fight any war he wishes? Can Congress fund any war it chooses? Are there constitutional and legal requirements that must first be met before war is waged? Can the United States The Constitution’s Article I, Section 8 specifically lists as a power of Congress the power “to declare War,” which unquestionably gives the legislature the power to initiate hostilities. Looking at the Constitution, there are several places where impeachment and war are mentioned (impeachment in Article 1, Sections 2 and 3, Article 2, Sections 2 and […] Apr 10, 2020 · That new Congress would select a president and a vice president if the Electoral College voters do not agree on a majority winner for each office. It provides that the president can Nov 15, 2024 · President-elect Donald Trump, who will return to office for a second term on Jan. Oct 18, 2024 · The 20th Amendment and the Election Process The 20th Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1933, states that the president and vice president shall be inaugurated on January 20th of each presidential term. troops from Vietnam, in this photo Jan 1, 2013 · After the Civil War, a divided Court, in Ex parte Milligan, 5 pronounced President Abraham Lincoln’s suspension of the writ of habeas corpus in September 1863 void. [8] Apache/2. But the unexpected wars in Ukraine and Gaza have become defining issues of his presidency. The Iraq War saw President George W. But a  §606. War powers of President (a) Priority communications During the continuance of a war in which the United States is engaged, the President is authorized, if he finds it necessary for the national defense and security, to direct that such communications as in his judgment may be essential to the national defense and security shall have preference or priority with any carrier subject to May 21, 2024 · Volodymyr Zelenskyy's five-year term as Ukraine's president formally ends on May 20. One of the main concerns is the potential impact on national security and the war effort. Legal experts explain why he can remain in power. 98–549, § 6 (a), Oct. But this Article shall not apply to any person holding the An entire chapter of Corwin’s masterwork, The President, Office and Powers (1957 [1940]), is de-voted to the issue of presidential power during times of war, as are a series of University of Michigan lectures published as Total War and the Constitution. Oct 18, 2024 · Ultimately, the question of whether a president can extend his term during war is a complex and contentious issue that requires careful consideration of the Constitution, historical precedents, and the balance of power between the executive and legislative branches. May 12, 2025 · It can happen here: How Trump could use the military to stay in office well past his 2nd term Former President Donald J. Congress. Johnson's efforts to negotiate an end to the Vietnam War during the 1968 election campaign for fear it would reduce his Apr 28, 2022 · The President stays in office until the end of his term, regardless if a war starts between the election and inauguration. There have been plenty of cases where government officials have violated the Constitution in Jan 8, 2025 · In times of war, the question of leadership stability becomes paramount. The War Powers Resolution (also known as the War Powers Resolution of 1973 or the War Powers Act) (50 U. Mar 31, 2025 · The 22nd Amendment bans a person from being elected U. In Ukraine, this legitimacy is reinforced through three key pillars: Twenty-Second Amendment Section 1: No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once. Here's a look at how it came about. Feb 14, 2022 · "Even during the Civil War elections were held. "If there is a war does the president stay in office?" is a pertinent inquiry that delves into the complexities of governance during conflict. How a New President Can be Elected During a War There are Oct 10, 2019 · Only Congress can declare war, and only the president can decide how to use the military to fight a declared war. Dec 28, 2024 · Can A President Extend His Term During War? In this informative video, we discuss the parameters surrounding presidential terms in the United States, particularly during times of conflict. Oct 19, 2024 · Irrespective of whether former President Donald Trump or Vice President Kamala Harris is elected, this will be the unavoidable context of their presidency. Throughout history, the role of the president has evolved, particularly in times of conflict. §606. Other ways to become president Nine people have served as president without first being elected to that office. The vice president also can act as president when the president is unable to discharge their powers. Dec 1, 2013 · The U. Federal la Mar 8, 2021 · Conversely, a past President’s action under an emergency statute can be instantly undone by a new President. ” These provisions have given rise to two major questions about presidential war Nov 15, 2018 · PDF Version. But some legal experts point to plausible strategies that President Trump could try to serve a third term. president more than twice. 1. Why it matters: For President Biden — who sought to secure a legacy as the most progressive president since FDR — Trump's second term in the White House threatens to undermine many of his signature achievements. Jun 23, 2025 · US War Powers Act: Can The President Declare War Alone Under the War Powers Act, if the president sends US troops into combat or near conflict, they must tell Congress within 48 hours. The Supreme Court has also never explicitly stated that the president can declare martial law, adding to the During World War II, in Ex parte Quirin, the Court unanimously upheld the power of the President to order to trial before a military tribunal German saboteurs captured within the United States. Therefore, Congress may be the only governmental branch that can legally declare martial law, and the president can only act according to its action. The first president to declare a national emergency was President Abraham Lincoln, during the American Civil War. Oct 18, 2024 · Removing a president during war poses several challenges and complications. President Abraham Lincoln's suspended habeas corpus without Congressional approval during the Civil War. According to this view, the Twenty-second Amendment (1951) to the Constitution of the United States effectively prohibits any twice-elected president from serving a third term; it also blocks a second elected term for any person who spent more than two years serving or acting as president during a Jan 19, 2025 · Here is what the Constitution says about that prospect. Jun 11, 2024 · President Biden pulled U. Constitution gives Congress and the president different responsibilities over military action, but there have long been disputes about where one’s war powers begin and the other’s Aug 19, 2023 · If a vice president takes office after his president has served no more than half his term, then the vice president can finish the president's term, anywhere under two years. This presentation looks at the roles of both Congress and the President in going to war and effectively waging it. Jan 8, 2025 · The question of whether the President stays in office during a war is one that often arises in times of conflict. The official text is written as such: No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has Sep 9, 2019 · A presidential war not declared by Congress is the classic definition of an impeachable offense that should result in the President’s trial in the Senate and removal from office. The resolution was adopted in the form of a United States congressional joint resolution. O. ” These provisions have given rise to two major questions about presidential war Jan 12, 2021 · As of publication time, the president has not said he plans to invoke martial law, even though his recently-pardoned former national security adviser Michael Flynn insisted during a television interview that the president has the power to declare martial law whenever he wants to. It establishes term limits on those elected president, and outlines an accompanying series of stipulations regarding the eligibility of succession for unfinished presidential terms. Sep 6, 2022 · Trump can't serve more than twice because of the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution. President was unseated during a declared war. Nov 13, 2023 · On Monday evening, Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskyy drew a preliminary line in a debate, which, over the past few weeks, had reached a climax. Nov 28, 2024 · Well, honey, if a world war breaks out, a president's focus will be on trying not to get blown to smithereens rather than staying in power. Jan 28, 2024 · Yes, a new president can be elected during a war in the United States. " The Civil War was fought between 1861 and 1865, and Abraham Lincoln was reelected president in 1864 in a vote held in 25 states. This article delves into the topic, examining the roles and responsibilities of the President during war, and the mechanisms in place to ensure continuity of governance. Mar 9, 2022 · Before the outbreak of war, the question was whether the president’s advisers should fall on their swords – an end perhaps to “prime minister” Ron Klain, Biden’s powerful chief of staff, and the clutch of close aides who have been with the president since his days in the Senate. Nov 15, 2018 · PDF Version. Apr 3, 2025 · This raises the question of whether a president can use martial law to extend their term. I was wondering if any of you have heard that and have any sources we can research on the matter? A presidential war not declared by Congress is the classic definition of an impeachable offense that should result in the president’s trial in the Senate and removal from office. This chapter shall take effect upon the organization of the Commission, except that this section and sections 151 and 154 of this title shall take effect July 1, 1934. The Supreme Court has also never explicitly stated that the president can declare martial law, adding to the Apr 2, 2025 · The question of whether a president can declare martial law and remain in office is a complex one, with no clear answer. The commander was following a directive from President John Adams in seizing this ship, which had been coming from France. Apr 2, 2025 · A president can indeed serve in the office longer than two terms. Yet, the dynamics of war can introduce unique Amendment Twenty-two to the Constitution was ratified on February 27, 1951. Nov 14, 2024 · President Trump experienced relative peace during his four years in office, but he still used force against Syria for using chemical weapons, Russian mercenaries in the Middle East, and the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps by killing its leader, General Soleimani. 20. Federal law detailing presidential war powers does not discuss term extensions in the case of war. This article clarifies the strict constitutional framework governing executive authority and political transitions. Apr 4, 2025 · Can a president declare martial law and stay in office? Learn about the controversial strategy of martial law and its potential consequences. Under the Constitution, only Congress can declare war on a nation or group. In times of war, when elections cannot be held, the legitimacy of state leadership must be upheld through alternative constitutional and democratic mechanisms. This amendment has no specific provision for war-time elections, but it does provide a framework for the election process. Mar 28, 2025 · Instances Where War Impacted Presidential Terms, Does the president stay in office during war While the 22nd Amendment sets a clear limit on the number of terms a president can serve, the impact of war on a president’s tenure can be seen in other ways. Lincoln claimed he could suspend habeas corpus due to emergency war powers and ignored the Federal District Court of Maryland stating only Congress had such power in Ex Parte Merryman. military cannot legally remove a president from office under normal circumstances. Presidents like Lincoln and Roosevelt led the country during important wars such as the Civil War and WWII. Nov 17, 2020 · The President may stay in office during his martial law if he has not completed two terms yet. The salient passage of the Court’s opinion bearing on this point is the following: (June 19, 1934, ch. Jul 27, 2022 · Article II of the U. Trump speaks with military and civic leaders during a flightline tour at SECTION 2. One will become commander-in-chief at the most perilous geopolitical moment since the Cold War—and perhaps since World War II. 33) is a federal law intended to check the U. Jan 20, 2025 · Jefferson ordered Burr’s arrest, which was carried out by troops in Alabama. The answer, as we will explore below, is not a straightforward yes or no. Here's what you need to know about national emergencies and how a president can utilize executive office powers to declare them: What is a national emergency? Jun 11, 2024 · President Biden pulled U. Johnson chose not to seek re-election in 1968 amidst the Vietnam War and rising domestic unrest. This brings us to the final barrier that would have kept Trump from staying in office: the 20th Amendment. The amendment's history is rooted in money, race and politics. In times of global chaos, political positions tend to Jun 24, 2019 · This applies even if elections themselves are suspended for an emergency - the president's term is up when it's up, regardless of whether there's anyone else to take up the office. An election would normally have been held in late March, but the parliament postponed the vote as the country is still at war and under martial law. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Constitution does not explicitly define or grant the president the power to declare martial law, several presidents throughout history have done so. Thus, the recent discussions about the possibility that President Trump might want a third term are not really prevented by the Constitution, should he seek to do so. 4. Apr 23, 2024 · Constitutional FAQ Answer #127 <<Previous Question | Question Index | Subject Index | Constitutional Index | Next Question>> Q127. Sep 15, 2023 · The president says he can direct limited military operations without lawmakers’ approval. May 14, 2025 · How Trump could subvert the Constitution and stay in office for a third term The president would need the backing of the military, writes Pascal Lupien Jul 30, 2020 · The United States is at war with the coronavirus – President Donald Trump has described himself as a wartime President. Doing so would constitute a blatant violation of civilian control over the military, a cornerstone of American democracy, and would lead to a constitutional crisis of unprecedented proportions Apr 5, 2025 · Here’s an example: If a vice president becomes president during the final year of a term because the president died, that vice president could still run for two terms. Bush lead, with President Obama overseeing troop withdrawal later. War powers of President (a) Priority communications During the continuance of a war in which the United States is engaged, the President is authorized, if he finds it necessary for the national defense and security, to direct that such communications as in his judgment may be essential to the national defense and security shall have preference or priority with any carrier subject to Oct 22, 2024 · The world stands on the brink of great-power conflict—yet neither candidate has mapped out for American voters how the U. Many presidents have been in office during a war, and if such a thing happened during Barack Obama 's term Aug 18, 2023 · The first President was not George Washington it was John Hanson. An entire chapter of Corwin’s masterwork, The President, Office and Powers (1957 [1940]), is de-voted to the issue of presidential power during times of war, as are a series of University of Michigan lectures published as Total War and the Constitution. Presidents have been elected and re-elected during conflicts, with elections sometimes influenced by voters' views on the war. A few of my friends and I have heard that the president cannot be removed from the office during wartime, but none of us can find the source. While the US President can be the Commander-in-Chief of the militia, the power to declare martial law is ambiguous, with some scholars May 13, 2025 · By Pascal Lupien, Brock University United States President Donald Trump has repeatedly floated the idea of remaining in office after his second term ends in 2029. NO, Article II of the U. wars happened in the past, each with a different president in charge. The Border Wall example illustrates the enormous waste of time, resources, and effort that can result when the President pursues long-term, expensive, and complex policy objectives under the emergency powers. SECTION. In that spirit, Washington Post columnist George F. The Constitution is the highest law of the land. May 1, 2025 · Can a president stay in office during war? This question delves into the complex interplay between constitutional law, political realities, and public opinion. Whether or not there's a illegal but effective way to stay president after two terms would be pure speculation. Aug 19, 2023 · Since the president is the commander in chief, he remains in office to lead the country. Clause 1. But it does highlight how war and its consequences complicate normal democratic processes that should be in place in peacetime. While the US Constitution does not explicitly grant the President the power to declare martial law, it also does not specifically forbid it. 30, 1984, 98 Stat Nov 18, 2024 · With mere months until President - elect Trump 's inauguration, Biden administration officials are in a race against time to safeguard their goals and achievements. Barreme involved a ship commander who, during the Quasi War with France in the late 1790s, had seized a ship that he thought was illegally trading with France. A president who is facing removal may be unable to make decisions or take actions that are necessary to protect the country, which could have serious consequences. Historically, the presidency has often been a beacon of continuity, ensuring that executive powers remain robust and decisive. Others believe the president needs congressional authorization to impose martial law in a civilian area. Article II, Section 1, Clause 6: In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the Same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall Sep 10, 2023 · Then-President Richard Nixon is flanked by charts in a televised speech from the White House, during which he announced that he would withdraw additional U. can meet this challenge. Sep 10, 2023 · Then-President Richard Nixon is flanked by charts in a televised speech from the White House, during which he announced that he would withdraw additional U. Mar 3, 2021 · In that decision, the Supreme Court affirmed that even during the Civil War — undoubtedly the most dangerous emergency this country has ever faced — the Constitution still applied. presidential candidates, including Donald J. While congressional compliance with the President’s demand rendered unnecessary an effort on his part to amend the Price Control Act, there were other matters as to which he repeatedly took action within the normal field of congressional powers, not only during the war, but in some instances prior to it. Nov 13, 2023 · Have you ever wondered what would happen if a war broke out during a U. *** The U. No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of President more than once. Exploring historical precedents, we examine how presidential terms have been affected by wartime, analyzing the expansion of executive Apr 30, 2025 · Many U. This article aims to explore the legal, historical, and political aspects of presidential authority during wartime Jul 24, 2016 · The Constitution specifies the length of the president's term of office. Roosevelt in 1933, presidents asserted the power to declare emergencies without citing relevant statutes Aug 27, 2024 · Some scholars believe the president has the executive power to declare martial law. presidential election? With the upcoming election and the current global pandemic, President Trump has raised the idea of postponing the election. Constitution vests the president with “executive power” and provides that “The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy,” while it endows Congress with the power “To declare War. While congressional compliance with the President’s demand rendered unnecessary an effort on his part to amend the Price Control Act, the re were o the r matters as to which he repeatedly took action within the normal field of congressional powers, not only during the war, but in some instances prior to it. Nov 18, 2024 · The optimistic take on President Biden's decision is that he is hoping to find some leverage against the Russians in the inevitable negotiations which will end this war. John Hanson was the president during the revolutionary war and was owned by England. The United States operates under a constitutional framework that confines the roles of its leaders, even during severe crises. Trump, did not answer a survey on executive power. While the U. Zelenskyy’s political opponents from his predecessor Petro Poroshenko’s camp had announced that, according to their sources, the Presidential Office had commenced preparing the orderly holding of the presidential elections in March 2024 . A review of Michael Beschloss, “Presidents of War” (Crown Books, 2018). Elections occur as scheduled by the Constitution, and war does not change this schedule. Although he was not formally unseated through an election loss while in office, he effectively stepped down due to the political and social pressures related to Oct 6, 2017 · Fact: The President of the United States can launch a nuclear first strike without consulting anyone. SECTION 2. ” It clarifies that anyone who has served over two years of another president’s term may only be elected once. It involves the temporary substitution of military authority for civilian rule, typically during war, rebellion, or natural disaster. C. Jan 12, 2021 · As of publication time, the president has not said he plans to invoke martial law, even though his recently-pardoned former national security adviser Michael Flynn insisted during a television Dec 4, 2024 · Can the Military Remove a President from Office? The Definitive Answer The short answer is a resounding no, the U. troops out of Afghanistan and showed no desire for other military adventures. Q1: Can a president stay in office if war is declared? A1: No, under normal circumstances, the president's term ends upon the inauguration of the newly-elected president, regardless of any declared war. com Port 80 Oct 29, 2025 · Among legal scholars, pundits, and politicians, the most common answer to this question is no. Apr 25, 2025 · Martial law gives presidents immense power, but can it be used to undermine democracy? Learn how martial law affects civil liberties and a president's ability to influence democratic processes. Feb 15, 2025 · In an extreme scenario, a president could remain in office beyond two terms if elections were postponed due to an emergency, such as a major war or national crisis. Apr 21, 2025 · The ability of the US President to declare martial law and stay in office is a complex and controversial issue. Apr 21, 2025 · The National Emergencies Act The need for the law arose from the scope and number of laws granting special powers to the executive in times of national emergency. This includes the President's commander-in-chief power, Congress' control of the purse and the War Powers Resolution of 1973. Many believe martial law could allow the president to Jul 26, 2025 · Explore if a president can unilaterally extend their time in office. Though planning for transition by a non-incumbent candidate can start at any time before a presidential election and in the days following, the transition Instead it shows how such contests can be misused to create the façade of democracy when in fact the voting process is neither free nor fair. Feb 10, 2025 · Keeping the president in office ensures defence stability and prevents an exploitable leadership crisis. The concept of martial law sparks many questions, particularly regarding the authority and tenure of the president. Roosevelt in 1933, presidents asserted the power to declare emergencies without limiting their scope or duration, without citing the relevant statutes, and without congressional oversight. But what does the law actually say about this? In this article, we will explore the constitutional authority, historical precedent, and the process for postponing a federal Jul 2, 2025 · A common question during national emergencies is whether a president remains in office if martial law is declared. Most people agree, at minimum, that the Declare Apr 2, 2025 · The question of whether a president can declare martial law and remain in office is a complex one, with no clear answer. Starting with Franklin D. One could, of course, speculate that a president could violate the Constitution. Conversely, skipping elections due to war doesn’t make Ukraine undemocratic. The first president to declare a national emergency was Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. This wording addresses situations where an individual assumes the presidency mid-term and seeks election thereafter. Constitution defines a presidential term as four years, and literally not a minute more. P. ch. Feb 16, 2025 · The amendment states, “No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice. May 6, 2025 · Martial law is a highly contentious issue, with the US Constitution remaining silent on its definition and who can impose it. What would happen if WW3 started just as a new President was being sworn into office? Let's assume both the outgoing and incoming President were capable and trusted individuals. The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Office, and he shall have Nov 7, 2024 · A two-thirds vote of Congress can remove that disqualification. The Militia and Insurrection Acts in Use In July 1861, President Abraham Lincoln and Congress relied on acts to expand the president’s powers to deal with “the Suppression of Rebellion against and resistance to the Laws of the United States” during the Civil War. While the answer may seem straightforward, it is a complex issue with various historical and legal considerations. Altering a constitutional amendment requires: A two-thirds Nov 11, 2024 · Former President Richard Nixon infamously undermined President Lyndon B. “Can a president be impeached during a war?” A. 41 (Ubuntu) Server at repustar. Congress invoked the section for multiple would-be officeholders after the Civil War, when it refused to seat certain members. Under martial law, the president gains the right to over 100 new provisions, to deploy and use to his discretion. Yet on Thursday morning, Trump suggested delaying the November election Jan 20, 2025 · Jefferson ordered Burr’s arrest, which was carried out by troops in Alabama. The 1804 case of Little v. While there is no explicit legal way for a US president to stay in office longer than the usual two terms of four years, one possible scenario is to be re-elected for a second term. The extent to which this clause limits the President’s ability to use military force without Congress’s affirmative approval remains highly contested. 1105; renumbered title VII, § 709, Pub. Dec 12, 2018 · Other powers are chilling under any circumstances: Take a moment to consider that during a declared war or national emergency, the president can unilaterally suspend the law that bars government testing of biological and chemical agents on unwitting human subjects. Upon proclamation by the President that there exists a state or threat of war involving the United States, the President, if he deems it necessary in the interest of the national security and defense, may, during a period ending not later than six months after the termination of such state or threat of war and not later than such earlier date Aug 22, 2025 · The Constitution mandates that presidential terms end at noon on January 20th, four years after they began, with no provision for a sitting president to remain in office without re-election. Nov 11, 2024 · Under the 25th Amendment, a vice president becomes president when the office is vacant due to the president’s death, resignation, or removal from office. L. Question: If America is at war, can a sitting president be removed from office? I heard that question posed last week as a statement of fact, that a sitting president cannot be removed from office during wartime. Across nations, the rules governing presidential tenure during wartime vary significantly, leading to diverse historical precedents and legal interpretations. President Lyndon B. Neither Congress nor the president has the power to change that through any law or executive order. Can A President Cancel An Election During War? In this enlightening video, we delve into the intriguing topic of whether a president can cancel an election during times of war. Can a president stay in office during martial law? While martial law grants temporary emergency powers to military and government authorities, its impact on presidential power and term limits in the United States is complex. The war powers are clearly articulated in the plain language of the Constitution itself — Congress declares and the president wages. The 20th Amendment specifies the transition time and date as noon on Jan. Nov 2, 2023 · The United States is now actively aiding allies in two wars, raising questions about whether President Biden has in effect become a wartime president. 652, title VII, § 709, formerly title VI, § 609, 48 Stat. wkvporllxpujxerxkrpqxsetwtjfjzizcocxxjjazhwmzitmsxydkqeiwaornfazdksezfcy